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SISTEMAS INOVADORES PARA ROTOMOLDAGEM
PRODUTOS - FLOW FUNNEL
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Measurement of Apparent Density and Pourability (flowability) of Plastic Materials
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These tests cover the measurement of apparent density and pourability (flowability) of plastic materials, such as molding powders (ex: LLPDE).
These methods provide useful indexes of performance of plastics such as powders and granules, with respect to their handling in fabrication.
POURABILITY(FLOWABILITY)
Scope:
Covers the measurement of the time that fine granules and powders required to flow through a small funnel.
Apparatus:
» Measuring Cup: A cylindrical cup of 100 cc (cm³) capacity, having a diameter equal to half the height, as shown in fig. 1.
» Funnel: Having a 9.5 mm diameter opening at the bottom, and mounted at a height 38 mm above the measuring cup, as shown in fig.1.
» Stopwatch or electric timer of comparable accuracy.
Procedure:
» Weight the clean empty cup (Tare Weight)
» With the apparatus assembled as shown in fig. 1, close the small end of the funnel with the hand or a flat device, and pour 100 gr of the specimen into the funnel.
» Open the bottom of the funnel quickly and start the stopwatch or timer at the same instant.
» Allow the material to run from the funnel as freely as it will.
» Stop the watch or timer at the moment the funnel gets empty
Result:
The result should state the time in seconds required for the funnel to discharge the material. The results are usually expressed in seconds/100 grams.
In order to express the result in grams per seconds; divide 100 grams by the length of time it takes to flow. IE: 100 grams flew through the funnel in 35 seconds.
Then 100 grams / 35 sec = 2.85 grams/ second
(Less than 35 seconds per 100 grams is generally an acceptable flowability for LLPDE, longer times may result in moldability problems, depending on the complexity of the cavity)
APPARENT DENSITY ( BULK DENSITY )
Scope: Covers the measurement of the apparent density of fine granules and powders that can be poured readily through a small funnel.
Apparatus:
» Measuring Cup: A cylindrical cup of 100 cc (cm³)capacity, having a diameter equal to half the height, as shown in fig. 1.
» Funnel: Having a 9.5 mm diameter opening at the bottom, and mounted at a height 38 mm above the measuring cup, as shown in fig.1.
Procedure:
» Weight the clean empty cup (Tare Weight)
» With the apparatus assembled as shown in fig. 1, close the small end of the funnel with the hand or a flat device, and pour 100 gr of the specimen into the funnel.
» Open the bottom of the funnel quickly and allow the material to flow freely into the cup.
» After all the material has passed through the funnel, immediately scrape off the excess on the top of the cup with a straightedge without shaking the cup.
» Weight the full cup (Gross Weight = cup + material)
» Subtract the Tare Weight from the Gross Weight.
Result:
The result is the Net Weight of the material in the cup (Gross Weight – Tare Weight = Net Weight)
The result is usually express in grams / 100 cm³, and therefore no more calculations are necessary.
However, often times the Apparent Density is expressed in grams/cm³, in this case, just divide the Net Weight by 100.
IE: Tare Weight (Empty Cup) = 39.9 grams - Gross Weight (Cup Full of Material) = 76.7 grams. Then 76.7 grams– 39.9
grams = 36.8 grams (Net Weight). Since 36.8 grams occupied 100 cm³, then this should be expressed as: 36.8 grams/100cm³.
If you want to express this result as grams/cm³, then is: 0.368 grams/cm³
To convert grams/cm³ to lb/foot³, multiply by 62.43
To convert grams/cm³ to onces/inch³, multiply by 16.39
(It is generally accepted that the apparent density for LLPDE should be 34 grams/100cm³
NOTE: Please review ASTM International D1895-96, “Standard Test Methods for Apparent Density, Bulk Factor and Pourability of Plastic Materials”. |
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Rotoline provides Remote Technical Support by Internet (TCP/IP) to the machine for prompt efficient service. We can assist you in three different languages: English, Spanish and Portuguese.
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Rotomolding Machines
Acesso Canários da Terra, 380D
Bairro Seminário
CEP 89813-140
Chapecó – SC - Brasil
Fone: 55 49 3324 5680 - Fax: 55 49 3323 3635
E-mail: roto@rotoline.com.br |
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